Blood sugar is the amount of sugar or glucose in the blood. Even if it changes continuously, blood glucose must be kept within normal limits to avoid interference in the body.
Blood sugar levels are influenced by nutrient intake in food or drinks, especially carbohydrates, as well as the amount of insulin and the body's sensitivity to insulin. High or low blood sugar levels will have a negative impact on your health in the short and long term.
What happens if blood glucose is too high?
Blood glucose is said to be too high if it exceeds 200 mg / dL. Hyperglycemia is the medical term for high blood glucose.
Hyperglycemia can occur when the body does not have enough insulin, a hormone released by the pancreas. Insulin has the function of transmitting blood sugar to all cells of the body so that it can be converted into energy.
High blood sugar levels can also occur if the body's cells are not sensitive to insulin, so that blood sugar cannot enter the cell for treatment.
Diabetics who do not undergo a healthy lifestyle, such as excessive diets, lack of physical activity, or forget anti-diabetes drugs or insulin often tend to be hyperglycemic. In addition, hyperglycemia in diabetics can also be caused by stress, infection, or taking certain drugs.
Normal people without diabetes may also experience hyperglycemia, especially if they suffer from acute pain. Signs of high blood sugar levels include feelings of body fatigue, very large appetite, weight loss, frequent thirst and frequent urination.
If blood glucose reaches 350 mg / dL or more, the symptoms that arise are severe thirst, blurred vision, dizziness, anxiety and loss of consciousness. In addition, the skin will become red, dry and warm.
If left untreated, blood glucose that is too high can cause diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome, which can be fatal.
In addition, long-term blood glucose without treatment can increase the risk of dental and gum infections, skin problems, osteoporosis, kidney failure, nerve damage, blindness, and cardiovascular disease (heart). and blood vessels).
loWhat happens if blood glucose is toow?
Blood glucose is too low or hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose is below 70 mg / dL. This condition is also common in diabetics, which is caused by side effects of the antidiabetic drugs they consume. Antidiabetic drugs, especially insulin, can reduce blood sugar excessively.
People with type 1 diabetes don't have enough insulin. Therefore, additional insulin from outside is needed, which usually consists of injection. But if the dose is too high, insulin can reduce blood sugar dramatically.
Hypoglycemia can occur in diabetics if the use of insulin or antidiabetic drugs is not accompanied by adequate food intake. Excessive exercise can also trigger this condition.
Not only diabetics, but people without diabetes can experience hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia. Some of the causes are:
If your blood sugar level is low, your body will feel weak and not strong. Hunger, cold sweat, pale skin, palpitations, tingling in the mouth, anxiety and irritability are other symptoms that you might feel.
Although you will feel the symptoms when blood glucose is too low (below 40 mg / dL), including:
If it remains silent, this condition can cause strokes, coma and even death.
Let's check your blood sugar
Blood glucose testing is generally recommended for people with symptoms of diabetes, such as frequent thirst, frequent urination and hunger. In addition, this test can also be recommended for people with a history of diabetes in the family.
To determine blood sugar levels, you must undergo a blood test. This test is useful for monitoring blood glucose in your body so as not to exceed normal limits.
Blood glucose testing can be done alone at home with a blood glucose meter. Blood samples for this examination are taken by piercing the fingertips with a special needle.
You can also do a blood glucose test at the hospital. There are several types of blood glucose tests that can be done:
Fasting glucose test
You must fast eight hours before taking a blood sample. This test is often used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes.
Oral glucose tolerance test (TTGO)
During this test, you will receive a certain amount of glucose and two hours later your blood sugar will be checked.
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or glycohemoglobin test
This test is done to determine blood glucose levels in red blood cells. The HbA1c test results can provide information about your sugar levels in the last 2-3 months.
This test allows the doctor to easily adjust the dosage and type of anti-diabetes medication, if any. You do not need to get special preparation for this test.
When to test blood sugar
This test can be done at any time and does not require special preparation. However, checking blood sugar at that time cannot be used to diagnose diabetes.
This test is only used to monitor blood glucose ups and downs in people with diabetes or for blood glucose levels in patients with certain conditions, such as weakness or fainting.
If the results of a high blood glucose test, you do not have to suffer from diabetes. This condition may be the effect of the food or drink you have just consumed.
If the blood glucose test results are low, but you don't feel weak or dizzy, the test tool or technique may be wrong. Therefore, you should discuss the results of this test again with your doctor.
It is strongly recommended to consult with your doctor first to find out which test is right for you. Also ask your doctor about the risks or other questions related to the test.
So what are the normal sugar levels in the blood?
Normal blood glucose levels are not always the same, depending on the time of the test, after or before eating. Normal blood glucose levels are as follows, but the standard is different.
Blood glucose test after eating
If the blood glucose test is done two hours after eating, normal blood glucose levels are below 140 mg / dL or 7.8 mmol / L. This limit applies to people under 50 years of age.
For people aged 50 to 60 years, normal levels are less than 150 mg / dL or 8.3 mmol / L. In people aged 60 years and over, normal blood glucose levels are 160 mg / dL or 8, 9 mmol / L.
Blood glucose test after fasting
If the blood glucose test is done after fasting, normal glucose levels must be less than or equal to 100 mg / dL or 5.6 mmol / L.
Random blood sugar test
If the blood glucose test is done randomly (during a blood glucose test), the results cannot be compared, depending on the date of the test and what was consumed before the test.
In general, normal blood sugar levels are between 80 and 120 mg / dL or between 4.4 and 6.6 mmol / L, if the test is done before meals or after waking up. Whereas if the test is done before bed, the normal limit is 100-140 mg / dL or 5.5-7.7 mmol / L.
Hemoglobin test for blood glucose
In the hemoglobin test for blood glucose (HbA1c), the normal level is less than about 7%.
But you must remember that the limits used by each laboratory may differ depending on the equipment used. Use the signs indicated by the laboratory where you control blood glucose.
Also, make sure to record the date and test results, as well as what you consume and what activities you did before taking the test.
Normal blood glucose levels cannot always indicate that you are not at risk of developing diabetes. To be sure, you are always recommended to check your doctor's blood glucose results, especially if you have symptoms of diabetes or are at risk of developing diabetes.
Blood glucose testing must be done carefully and as needed. Check your blood glucose according to your doctor's recommendations and use a healthy lifestyle to prevent the harmful effects of high or low blood glucose.
Blood sugar levels are influenced by nutrient intake in food or drinks, especially carbohydrates, as well as the amount of insulin and the body's sensitivity to insulin. High or low blood sugar levels will have a negative impact on your health in the short and long term.
What happens if blood glucose is too high?
Blood glucose is said to be too high if it exceeds 200 mg / dL. Hyperglycemia is the medical term for high blood glucose.
Hyperglycemia can occur when the body does not have enough insulin, a hormone released by the pancreas. Insulin has the function of transmitting blood sugar to all cells of the body so that it can be converted into energy.
High blood sugar levels can also occur if the body's cells are not sensitive to insulin, so that blood sugar cannot enter the cell for treatment.
Diabetics who do not undergo a healthy lifestyle, such as excessive diets, lack of physical activity, or forget anti-diabetes drugs or insulin often tend to be hyperglycemic. In addition, hyperglycemia in diabetics can also be caused by stress, infection, or taking certain drugs.
Normal people without diabetes may also experience hyperglycemia, especially if they suffer from acute pain. Signs of high blood sugar levels include feelings of body fatigue, very large appetite, weight loss, frequent thirst and frequent urination.
If blood glucose reaches 350 mg / dL or more, the symptoms that arise are severe thirst, blurred vision, dizziness, anxiety and loss of consciousness. In addition, the skin will become red, dry and warm.
If left untreated, blood glucose that is too high can cause diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome, which can be fatal.
In addition, long-term blood glucose without treatment can increase the risk of dental and gum infections, skin problems, osteoporosis, kidney failure, nerve damage, blindness, and cardiovascular disease (heart). and blood vessels).
loWhat happens if blood glucose is toow?
Blood glucose is too low or hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose is below 70 mg / dL. This condition is also common in diabetics, which is caused by side effects of the antidiabetic drugs they consume. Antidiabetic drugs, especially insulin, can reduce blood sugar excessively.
People with type 1 diabetes don't have enough insulin. Therefore, additional insulin from outside is needed, which usually consists of injection. But if the dose is too high, insulin can reduce blood sugar dramatically.
Hypoglycemia can occur in diabetics if the use of insulin or antidiabetic drugs is not accompanied by adequate food intake. Excessive exercise can also trigger this condition.
Not only diabetics, but people without diabetes can experience hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia. Some of the causes are:
- Drink too many alcoholic drinks.
- Suffering from certain diseases, such as hepatitis, anorexia nervosa or pancreatic tumors.
- Deficiency of certain hormones.
- Take certain drugs, such as quinine.
- Accidentally consume antidiabetic drugs belonging to others.
If your blood sugar level is low, your body will feel weak and not strong. Hunger, cold sweat, pale skin, palpitations, tingling in the mouth, anxiety and irritability are other symptoms that you might feel.
Although you will feel the symptoms when blood glucose is too low (below 40 mg / dL), including:
- Talk about hanging around
- Difficulty concentrating
- Can't stand or walk
- The muscles that contract
- Seizures
If it remains silent, this condition can cause strokes, coma and even death.
Let's check your blood sugar
Blood glucose testing is generally recommended for people with symptoms of diabetes, such as frequent thirst, frequent urination and hunger. In addition, this test can also be recommended for people with a history of diabetes in the family.
To determine blood sugar levels, you must undergo a blood test. This test is useful for monitoring blood glucose in your body so as not to exceed normal limits.
Blood glucose testing can be done alone at home with a blood glucose meter. Blood samples for this examination are taken by piercing the fingertips with a special needle.
You can also do a blood glucose test at the hospital. There are several types of blood glucose tests that can be done:
Fasting glucose test
You must fast eight hours before taking a blood sample. This test is often used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes.
Oral glucose tolerance test (TTGO)
During this test, you will receive a certain amount of glucose and two hours later your blood sugar will be checked.
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or glycohemoglobin test
This test is done to determine blood glucose levels in red blood cells. The HbA1c test results can provide information about your sugar levels in the last 2-3 months.
This test allows the doctor to easily adjust the dosage and type of anti-diabetes medication, if any. You do not need to get special preparation for this test.
When to test blood sugar
This test can be done at any time and does not require special preparation. However, checking blood sugar at that time cannot be used to diagnose diabetes.
This test is only used to monitor blood glucose ups and downs in people with diabetes or for blood glucose levels in patients with certain conditions, such as weakness or fainting.
If the results of a high blood glucose test, you do not have to suffer from diabetes. This condition may be the effect of the food or drink you have just consumed.
If the blood glucose test results are low, but you don't feel weak or dizzy, the test tool or technique may be wrong. Therefore, you should discuss the results of this test again with your doctor.
It is strongly recommended to consult with your doctor first to find out which test is right for you. Also ask your doctor about the risks or other questions related to the test.
So what are the normal sugar levels in the blood?
Normal blood glucose levels are not always the same, depending on the time of the test, after or before eating. Normal blood glucose levels are as follows, but the standard is different.
Blood glucose test after eating
If the blood glucose test is done two hours after eating, normal blood glucose levels are below 140 mg / dL or 7.8 mmol / L. This limit applies to people under 50 years of age.
For people aged 50 to 60 years, normal levels are less than 150 mg / dL or 8.3 mmol / L. In people aged 60 years and over, normal blood glucose levels are 160 mg / dL or 8, 9 mmol / L.
Blood glucose test after fasting
If the blood glucose test is done after fasting, normal glucose levels must be less than or equal to 100 mg / dL or 5.6 mmol / L.
Random blood sugar test
If the blood glucose test is done randomly (during a blood glucose test), the results cannot be compared, depending on the date of the test and what was consumed before the test.
In general, normal blood sugar levels are between 80 and 120 mg / dL or between 4.4 and 6.6 mmol / L, if the test is done before meals or after waking up. Whereas if the test is done before bed, the normal limit is 100-140 mg / dL or 5.5-7.7 mmol / L.
Hemoglobin test for blood glucose
In the hemoglobin test for blood glucose (HbA1c), the normal level is less than about 7%.
But you must remember that the limits used by each laboratory may differ depending on the equipment used. Use the signs indicated by the laboratory where you control blood glucose.
Also, make sure to record the date and test results, as well as what you consume and what activities you did before taking the test.
Normal blood glucose levels cannot always indicate that you are not at risk of developing diabetes. To be sure, you are always recommended to check your doctor's blood glucose results, especially if you have symptoms of diabetes or are at risk of developing diabetes.
Blood glucose testing must be done carefully and as needed. Check your blood glucose according to your doctor's recommendations and use a healthy lifestyle to prevent the harmful effects of high or low blood glucose.
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